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Delicious plum tart recipe Ingredients 250 g plain flour 110g finely chopped walnuts 150g light brown soft sugar 170g cold unsalted butter 1 egg yolk 900g ripe plums, pitted and quartered lengthways Preparation time: 10 minutes. Cooking time: 40-50 minutes Method Preheat the oven to 200/Gas Mark 6 Combine the flour, walnuts and sugar in a large bowl Add the butter and egg yolk Mix together by hand or electric whisk until crumbly then press 180g of the mixture in an even layer into the bottom of a 24cm tart pan Arrange the plums, skin side down to form a flower pattern( begin from outside ) Sprinkle the rest of the crumble mix over the plums Bake for 40-50 minutes and then allow to cool for 10 minutes before removing from the pan serving on a flat plate and serve warm or at room temperature. Preparation time: 10 minutes. Cooking time: 40-50 minutes Serves 4 Credit: Ina Garten

Whether you call them smile lines or crows feet, the little wrinkles around our eyes are one of the first signs of ageing. And along with dark circles, drooping eyelids and dry eyes, they are all part of reaching mid-life and beyond. But what can you do about it? Consultant oculoplastic and ophthalmic surgeon Dr Elizabeth Hawkes (https://drelizabethhawkes.com) says the eyes are the first part of the face to show signs of ageing due to the unique nature of the skin around your eyes and on your eyelid. She explains: “For most parts of the body, you have skin, then a layer of fat and then muscle but around the eyelid, you lack the layer of fat so it’s just skin and muscle. “On top of this, the eyelid skin is very thin and the muscle under the eyelid skin, called the orbicularis oculi muscle, is one of the most active muscles on the face. “It controls when we blink. We blink 12 to 14 times a minute so the muscle is constantly working, under very delicate skin, which is why it starts to age first.” Dr Hawkes said eyelid skin is prone to all the usual signs of ageing, just like other skin, so you start to lose collagen and elastin. “It loses collagen and elastin, which means it loses strength and is also vulnerable to signs of ageing from the sun due to UV exposure. “On top of all that, it lacks its cushion of fat so you start to see signs of ageing such as excess folds of skin in the upper eyelid and lower lid and tissues can become very loose as well.” Does the menopause affect my eyes too? “Yes, it really does,” says Dr Hawkes. “Many people know about the common menopause symptoms, such as hot sweats, low libido and brain fog, however not many people realise that it can affect your eyes too. “The hormone changes that occur during the menopause can result in Blepharitis. This is a chronic inflammatory condition of the eyelids, secondary to an overgrowth of bacteria on the eyelashes and eyelids. 'In between eyelashes we have meibomian glands, and they are specialist glands only in eyelids, which secrete the oily layer of our tear film and lock in our tears. They are highly susceptive to hormonal changes in body and if the quality is reduced, it can lead to dry eye syndrome. “Many people actually suffer with watery eyes when their eyes are dry, as your eye’s reflex is to make more tears to lubricate the surface of the eye.” How to prevent eyes from ageing The big villain for your eyelids - UV Exposure “The number one cause of damage to our delicate eyelid skin is the sun,” says Dr Hawkes. “Lots of people don’t realise the eye area is a high risk area for small skin cancers. It’s easy to forget the eye area, especially as all the sunscreen bottles say avoid eye areas but you should be applying all around the eye in a circular motion and, particularly, the inner corner by the nose as that is a very common spot for a small basal cell carcinoma.” Use mineral based make-up in summer marks to protect your eye area “Using a mineral based make-up will help cover up the skin around your eyes and protect them even further,’ says Dr Hawkes. “And never forget your sunglasses. They are not just a fashion statement and must have UV protection. Look for UV 400 protection. It is extremely important for sunglasses (of any type) to have UV protection because UV radiation from the sun can damage the delicate skin of your eyelid, as well as the skin surrounding the eye area. It can also damage the cornea, lenses and other parts of the eye. UV exposure can also contribute to some types of cataracts, solar retinopathy and pterygium. Protecting the eyes from this is essential for eye health reasons and also to prevent premature ageing.” Do eye creams really work? “I’m definitely pro-eye cream,” says Dr Hawkes. “The skin around the eye area is unique and needs special care. You do need to be very delicate when applying it. If you are aggressive, you could actually cause puffiness. The eyeball is cushioned in fat in a bony socket and when it prolapses forward, you get eye bags. “Use light serums and light creams, which don’t clog up glands and put you at risk of milia. “Hyaluronic acid locks in moisture and that’s what I use around my eyes.” What about dark circles? “We all get dark circles under the eyes when we are tired, stressed or ill. The skin is so thin so the blood vessels are more visible. They are really useful tools to predict your general health,” says Dr Hawkes. “Volume loss in the tear trough area can also cause extra shadowing. “A quick tip in the morning is to splash eyelids with cold water or add an ice cube as this will help with constricting the blood vessels.” Your diet can affect your eye health too “Omega 3 is very good for your eyes and very important in your diet,” says Dr Hawkes. “Also Lutein & Zeaxanthin supplements, which delay the onset of macular degeneration. These aren’t found in your diet and need to be taken as a supplement. “Vitamin C is also beneficial for your eyes as well as your whole body. I recommend following a Mediterranean diet, with virgin olive oil, no processed food, fresh fruit and vegetables and lots of fish.” Take screen breaks “It’s really important to remember to take screen breaks for your eye health as you tend not to blink as much, which can cause dry eyes and fasten the ageing process. With each blink, you sweep tears across the eyes and it keeps them healthy. So I always recommend the 20-20-20 rule so that every 20 minutes you look out of the window at something 20 metres away for 20 seconds.” What treatments are there for my eyes? Botox “Botox - or anti-wrinkles injections - are a sure-fire way to reduce the wrinkles around your eyes,” says Dr Hawkes. “‘Botulinum Toxin temporarily paralyses the muscles that make you squint which in turn causes your wrinkles and fine lines to relax and soften in appearance. Anti-wrinkle injections are effective and results can be seen just a few days after the treatment.” Tear trough (under eye) fillers? One of the most effective treatments to combat tired-looking or aged eyes is to use tear trough fillers, says Dr Hawkes “They are a hyaluronic acid-based injectable used to reduce dark circles, eye bags and a tired looking appearance. With minimal to no downtime, they are an effective treatment to combat tired-looking or aged eyes. “The natural ageing process and various lifestyle aspects can contribute to an aged appearance around the eyes. But, careful administration of fillers under the eyes helps replace lost volume, conceal dark circles and smooth the skin. This results in a more youthful appearance overall. “After tear trough fillers, patients feel an increased sense of confidence in their appearance - no longer worrying that they 'look tired all the time'.” Blepharoplasty “If you’re still worried about your eyes and feel you need more help, you can consider blepharoplasty. Blepharoplasty surgery is performed to improve the appearance of the eyelids by remodeling their structure,” says Dr Hawkes. “This can involve complex combinations of skin removal, muscle tightening, and fat repositioning or removal. Every eyelid is unique, meaning the surgical plan and procedure is a highly bespoke process. “Surgery can be performed under local anaesthetic, or with ‘twilight’ general anaesthesia. Depending on the number of eyelids requiring surgery, the procedural time varies from 45 minutes to 2 hours. “The benefit of blepharoplasty is that we can achieve a beautiful and very natural look. This isn’t facelift surgery - you won’t come out looking like an entirely different version of yourself - but you will look a lot brighter, less tired, and refreshed. “Normal recovery is two weeks, however, I would advise having this done six weeks before spending extended periods in the sun or a big event.” This article is a promotional advertorial by Dr Elizabeth Hawkes. Dr Elizabeth Hawkes, MBBS, BSc, FRCOphth, is a Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon, Oculoplastic Surgeon & Aesthetic Practitioner specialising in blepharoplasty, eye surgery &advanced facial aesthetics. To make an appointment with Dr Hawkes, please contact her through her website at https://drelizabethhawkes.com or follow her on Instagram at https://www.instagram.com/dr_elizabethhawkes/ Did you enjoy this article? Why not join the Two Women Chatting mailing list for regular updates. Please visit our resources page which has a collection of useful links from 3rd party websites and content. We only share links to products we would use ourselves and all opinions are our own. You can read the full disclaimer here.

Did you know citrus fruit has lots of health benefits for midlife women? Lemons are a popular fruit known for their tangy taste and refreshing scent. However, did you know that keeping a lemon next to your bed can have a range of health benefits? Here are just a few ways that lemons can improve your well-being. As women enter midlife, they may find themselves facing a range of health challenges. Hormonal changes, stress, and lifestyle factors can all contribute to a decline in health and well-being. However, one simple way that midlife women can improve their health is by incorporating lemons into their diet. Vitamin-rich lemons (vitamins A, C and E) also contain a variety of minerals, including chromium, magnesium, iron, copper, and potassium. Not just for your gin and tonic! Lemons are also known for their calming properties. The scent of lemons has been shown to have a soothing effect on the mind and body, helping to reduce stress levels and promote relaxation. Why keep a lemon next to your bed? Lemons are known for their natural air-purifying properties. They contain citric acid, which can help to neutralize odors and kill bacteria in the air. Placing a cut lemon (some people salt it too) next to your bed can help to freshen up the air in your bedroom, making it a more pleasant and healthy environment to sleep in. Keeping a lemon next to your bed can help to create a calming atmosphere in your bedroom, which can be particularly helpful if you struggle with anxiety or insomnia. In addition to their calming properties, lemons are also a great source of vitamin C. Vitamin C is an essential nutrient that plays a key role in supporting the immune system. Breathing in the scent of the fruit, can help to boost your immune system whilst incorporating it into your diet can help improve skin health by boosting collagen production, can reduce arthritis pain and has anti-inflammatory properties. Lemons are also rich in antioxidants. Antioxidants are compounds that help to protect the body from harmful free radicals, which can lead to cellular damage and disease. By consuming foods that are high in antioxidants, such as lemons, midlife women can help to protect their bodies from the effects of ageing. Please visit our resources page which has a collection of useful links from 3rd party websites and content. Did you enjoy this article? Why not join the Two Women Chatting mailing list for regular updates. Note: This post contains some affiliate links. This means that we may earn a small commission when you click on such links, at no additional cost to you. We only share links to products we would use ourselves and all opinions are our own. You can read the full disclaimer here.

Midlife is a time of change for women, both physically and mentally. Many women find themselves struggling with fluctuating hormones, increased stress, and difficulty sleeping. Fortunately, taking a nap can be an effective way to combat some of these issues and improve overall health and well-being. The benefit of napping One of the primary benefits of napping for midlife women is that it can help reduce stress levels. As women age, they often face increased responsibilities at work and home, which can lead to feelings of overwhelm and anxiety. Taking a nap can help lower cortisol levels, which is the hormone associated with stress, and provide a much-needed break from the demands of daily life. In addition to reducing stress, napping can also help improve cognitive function. As women age, they may experience memory loss or difficulty concentrating. Studies have shown that taking a nap can help improve both of these issues by allowing the brain to rest and recharge. Even a short nap of 20-30 minutes can be beneficial in improving cognitive function. Napping can also be helpful for midlife women who struggle with sleep disturbances. Hormonal changes can make it difficult to fall and stay asleep, leading to daytime fatigue and irritability. Taking a nap during the day can help make up for lost sleep and improve overall energy levels. Don't underestimate the power of a snooze! Please visit our resources page which has a collection of useful links from 3rd party websites and content. Did you enjoy this article? Why not join the Two Women Chatting mailing list for regular updates.

Like so many I learned what I know about gardening from my parents. I have vivid memories of Sunday afternoons, my father mowing the lawn, my mother hoeing and my sister deadheading the roses whilst I being the smallest was sent to weed the fruit cages frequently exiting with scratched arms and the occasional wasp sting. But it was worth it as my reward was first dibs on the delicious fruits when they were ready to pick. It is a memory I cherish and as I have grown older appreciate that time spent together as a family. But is all the information handed down actually true? I was recently plant shopping with a friend and she was looking at pampas grasses and I joked that I’d heard pampas in a front garden is a sign that the homeowners are swingers. It’s not true, but it made me think about what other myths and misconceptions have been handed down through the generations. So here are a few I have gleaned over the years, some true and some just gardening myths: Baking soda helps sweeten tomatoes TRUE-a small amount helps lower the acid levels in the soil, which makes tomatoes sweeter. You can change a hydrangea's colour by altering the pH level of the soil TRUE - the more alkaline the soil, the pinker the flowers will be and the more acidic the soil, the bluer your flowers will be. White hydrangeas will not change colour, but most other colours will. Don’t plant a new rose where an old one has died TRUE -‘replant’ disease is recognised but not well understood. It occurs when a plant is replaced with the same type and roses in particular struggle to thrive. Prune wisteria to 2 buds in February and 7 in July TRUE – 2 and 7 relate to the 2nd and 7th months of the year. You need to put green tomatoes in the sun to ripen FALSE - the best place to ripen tomatoes is in a cool dark room. Wrap them individually in newspaper as this will help contain the ethylene gas that is given off by the tomato and accelerate ripening. A copper nail in the trunk of a tree will kill it TRUE and FALSE -it depends on the number of nails! Don’t water plants in the sun or the leaves will burn FALSE - it is fine to water plants in full sunlight although it is best to water in the morning or evening as it minimises the amount of evaporation. Many plants wilt in the hot sun as a defence mechanism, giving the impression that soil is dry when it might not be. A brown lawn is dead FALSE - not all brown grass is dead and it’s more likely to be in a dormant state and the only way to find out is to water it and wait and see. Full Shade means no sun FALSE- full shade is defined as less than four hours of direct sun per day so it is not total shade. We would love to hear what other myths are out there and if anyone has contrary information on these facts please let me know. Please visit our resources page which has a collection of useful links from 3rd party websites and content. Did you enjoy this article? Why not join the Two Women Chatting mailing list for regular updates.

How much? My words when earlier this year I went to pay for a small bunch of coriander at a supermarket. Then later that week after purchasing just a few plants from the garden centre I was motivated to rethink my garden. Why not use herbs as ornamental features? I’ve always grown herbs but never thought to use them in garden design or to fill those bothersome spaces that seem to appear every year. Combining herbs with flowers or other plants can give you the best of both worlds. There are so many herbs of different heights, colours, aromas; and very often graced with attractive flowers and foliage. They can be planted on their own or mixed into borders and easily swapped to suit the conditions of your garden and the erratic British weather. It is however important to position them correctly as a few grow very tall, some prefer light shade to sun and others require protection in the winter and many can be invasive. Here are just a few that I have successfully planted for ornamental purposes this year in my borders. · Borage: A hardy annual with delicate blue or white flowers that self-seeds easily. Grows to 2-3 ft · Chives: Clump forming with spectacular purple or white pom-pom flowers – great for low edging · Fennel: Feathery green or bronze foliage with yellow flowers and good for placing at the rear of the border - can reach 6 ft · Gold Tipped Marjoram: An attractive variety with fragrant green leaves that have a gold tip and pale pinky-white flowers in summer · Lemon Verbena: The leaves emit a lovely lemon scent and have sprays of small purple or white flowers in early Summer. Can grow to 7 ft · Pineapple Sage: The leaves of this decorative herb release a strong pineapple-like scent when you touch it and in late summer produce clusters of bright scarlet flowers · Rosemary: Pale blue flowers with dense aromatic needle-like leaves that can be used as informal hedging · Silver Posie Thyme: A good ground-cover with tiny green leaves which are daintily edged in white to give a shimmering effect and in early summer is covered in small white or purple flowers · Sweet Cicely: Hardy perennial that has fern-like leaves and umbels of white flowers followed by aniseed scented fruits which prefer some shade. Can grow to 8 ft With high food prices, and unpredictable weather herbs are a cost-effective way of replenishing garden stocks and culinary supplies. They can also be used in flower arrangements, potpourri, teas and are easily dried and stored for future use. And their fragrance and nectar attract bees and butterflies into your garden. I do wonder why I didn’t think to make use of them more before. Herbs are totally underrated! Please visit our resources page which has a collection of useful links from 3rd party websites and content and more ideas on what to do in the garden. Did you enjoy this article? Why not join the Two Women Chatting mailing list for regular updates.

Hair loss is a common concern that affects both men and women. While it is more widely associated with male-pattern baldness, hair loss in women is also a significant issue. Losing hair can be emotionally distressing and can impact self-esteem and confidence. Understanding the underlying causes of hair loss in women and exploring potential solutions, including medication and cosmetic options, can offer hope and help women regain their sense of self-assurance. Causes of Hair Loss in Women Hormonal Changes: Hormonal imbalances caused by pregnancy, menopause, or conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can lead to hair loss. Hereditary Factors: Just like men, women can also experience hereditary hair loss, often referred to as female-pattern hair loss Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions like thyroid disorders, autoimmune diseases, and scalp infections can contribute to hair loss Stress and Emotional Factors: High levels of stress or emotional trauma can trigger a condition called telogen effluvium, resulting in significant hair shedding Nutritional Deficiencies: Inadequate intake of essential nutrients like iron, zinc, biotin, and vitamin D can negatively affect hair health Hairstyles and Styling Habits: Frequent use of tight hairstyles like braids, ponytails, or extensions, as well as excessive heat styling, can cause hair loss through traction alopecia There are medications that can be prescribed to help treat hair loss in women so contact your doctor to ask their advice and recommendations. Cosmetic Options for Hair Loss in Women Wigs and Hairpieces: High-quality wigs and hairpieces made from natural or synthetic hair can provide a realistic and immediate solution Hair Fiber Powders: These products cling to existing hair and provide a fuller appearance, masking thinning areas Hair Transplantation: In severe cases, hair transplant procedures can be considered to transplant hair follicles from one area of the scalp to another. What is Alopecia? Alopecia is a general term for hair loss and can refer to various types of hair loss conditions. One of the most common forms is alopecia areata, an autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system attacks hair follicles, leading to patchy hair loss. Alopecia totalis and alopecia universalis are more extensive forms of hair loss where all the scalp hair or all body hair, respectively, is lost. Hair loss can be a distressing condition, affecting both physical appearance and emotional well-being so understanding the causes, seeking professional help, and exploring the available treatments and cosmetic options can provide hope and relief. While there may not be a one-size-fits-all solution, women should know that they are not alone in their journey, as even famous figures have openly shared their experiences with hair loss and alopecia, breaking the stigma and encouraging others to embrace their natural beauty. Celebrities who have spoken out about their hair loss include Ricki Lane, Naomi Campbell, Jada Pinkett Smith, and Trinny Woodall. Remember, seeking support from healthcare professionals and embracing one's uniqueness can lead to a renewed sense of confidence and empowerment. Please visit our resources page which has a collection of useful links from 3rd party websites. Did you enjoy this article? Why not join the Two Women Chatting mailing list for regular updates.

Tips to fill the void and embrace the empty nest! The kids have just left home, officially adults and it’s a new chapter in their lives but also a new one for you. Some parents are delighted that their kids have finally flown the nest but for many, it’s a time of loneliness and sadness. This is often referred to as empty nest syndrome. For years your daily life has evolved around the kids, whether it’s cooking meals, endless washing, and tidying or ferrying them from place to place. Then suddenly your day-to-day life has changed, there is a void in your life and you feel a sense of loss and sadness. It’s okay to cry, it’s normal and the sadness will go away as you adjust to this new chapter in life. It may take a few days, a few weeks and for some longer a little longer but if you are struggling do seek professional help. But remember what life was like before children? All that time you had to yourself and your partner. This is your chance to try new things or get back to doing the things you love. Yes, shed a tear or two but then move on and embrace the empty nest and the freedom. They will be back, whether, for weekends, holidays or even full time. Be prepared for this transition in your life It makes it so much easier if you are ready for this change in your life. Take a listen to the TWC podcast and check out our resources on empty nesting. Plan ahead, especially for the first days. If you are dropping your child at university- stock up on extra strong tissues, pack your oversized sunglasses even if not’s sunny and try to keep your emotions in check. Your son or daughter will really appreciate it if you don’t cry in front of their new roommates- just hold it until you get back to the car. Line up TV shows to binge watch and plan dinner with friends or a trip to the theatre. Perhaps hold off booking a holiday immediately after they leave, just in case they need you those first few weeks. Plan a casual supper or dinner party Invite friends around to chat and discuss plans and thoughts on this next chapter of your life. It’s a great way to focus on the future and set some long-term goals and an ideal time to expand your culinary and baking skills. Refresh your wardrobe and your look Do some research and find a new hairdresser and ask them what they think of your hairstyle - be brave, you’ll be amazed what a new style can do for your confidence and image. Ask your friends what they think of your clothes and style – insist they are honest! (surely that’s what friends are for?). Hire a personal stylist, they are not just for the rich and famous who will help you edit your wardrobe and find items that complement your existing clothes. Book a holiday or two and start planning for more Without the kids around you can take advantage of quieter and cheaper travel times. Start planning trips to places you’ve always wanted to visit and actually book them. It is so easy to say yes we’ll do it but then life gets in the way – no excuses now the kids have gone and you do have the time. Whether it’s short trips or more lengthy ones there are so many fascinating and beautiful places out there. Plan day trips and weekends away. Visit art galleries and museums, lifestyle exhibitions, concerts, historic gardens or classic car shows. It’s a good way to add structure to your days if you don’t work and it’s always nice to have something to look forward to whether you go on your own or with friends or your partner. Think about house sitting or pet sitting, house swapping, booking a festival, rent a motor home -the options are endless. We have lots of suggestions and ideas for unusual holidays on TWC resources page for both couples and solo travellers. Consider volunteering There are so many opportunities to volunteer - do think out of the box when it comes to volunteering. From local opportunities such as reading with young children to further afield such as conservation work in Tanzania to building a bridge in Cambodia. Reconnect and do more with your partner You may like many, have focused on your children rather than your partner over the years so now is the time to reconnect and remember why you fell in love. Plan date nights to chat about the future and discuss any concerns you might have. If you are a single parent it is especially important to think about how you would like the coming years to evolve. Make time for yourself (no you didn’t misread this!) You may find it hard to begin but now’s your chance to enjoy some serious ‘me time'. Read a book or magazine, indulge in relaxing baths, go to the movies (if you can go to the matinee performance all the better – it’s a whole new experience and often less expensive). If you haven’t discovered podcasts now is the time. There are thousands out there – why not start with TWC’s first series. If you are unsure how to listen to a podcast read the blog How to listen to a podcast. Have a thorough clear-out and declutter of your home It’s amazing how satisfying it can be to clear out clothes and items you have not seen let alone used for years and you can donate any unwanted items to charity or make a bit of extra cash and sell them on sites such as Vinted, eBay and Amazon Marketplace. Or try a car boot or garage sale they are super fun and a great way to meet new people- just don’t buy more stuff than you sell! Take up a new hobby or activity With the kids gone you have more time to explore or rekindle hobbies and sports. Learn a new skill (or just try and master something you’ve been meaning to for years like how to text with your thumbs!). Whether it’s learning a new language, mastering those filters on your smartphone or learning to cook a Thai curry. There are numerous online courses and one site we at TWC discovered recently is BBC Maestro which offers courses by experts and celebrities including Heston Blumenthal on ingenious cooking at home and Gary Barlow on song writing. Turn your hobby into a business This is really where you can find your sense of purpose after the kids leave home. If you have excellent writing skills consider guest blogging, writing a book or TV script, accomplished creatives start selling your designs and products at fairs or online, animal lovers become a dog walker or sitter and if you enjoy completing surveys and research you can get paid to do them online. The options are endless. Upskill or change career Now could be the time to totally change careers and study law, teaching, oenology or train to be a marriage registrar . You don’t have to physically attend some courses anymore although it is a great way to meet new people. Take a look at Rest Less or Life Redefined for some inspiration on a career change or push for that promotion now that you can commit more energy and time. Join a club or community committee Committees and clubs are a perfect way to meet new people – some you can dip in and out of whilst others require more time and commitment. Think about your health and your future Becoming an empty nester often coincides with the menopause. It can be a time of rollercoaster emotions and anxiety but there is a lot of support out there so don’t struggle on your own. Take a little time to think about yourself, how you feel and what are your long term goals and objectives. Connect with friends and family It’s so easy to neglect friendships and extended family when raising kids but this is the perfect time to reconnect with old friends over the phone on social media or in person. Be proactive and plan a reunion, you’ll be amazed how so many people say ‘YES I was thinking we should meet!'. And finally …. Remember just because your children have left home does not mean they don’t need you - they still require your support and love, just in a different way. They will be home for a day, a weekend or even longer if they are college students. Revel in their visits home, hearing about their new life and friends and be so very proud of the job you have done as a parent. Embrace the empty nest ....... Take a listen to our chat with Louise Minchin, Empty Nest Syndrome & Being Fearless in Midlife and other episodes on this topic: Empty Nest: Before they go' and 'When they've gone'. Louise's Book Fearless Adventures with Extraordinary Women is out now. Visit our resources page which has a collection of useful links from 3rd party websites and content and more tips for empty nesters. Did you enjoy this article? Why not join the Two Women Chatting mailing list for regular updates. Note: This post contains some affiliate links. This means that we may earn a small commission when you click on such links, at no additional cost to you. We only share links to products we would use ourselves and all opinions are our own. You can read the full disclaimer here.

As we women enter midlife, various changes occur throughout our bodies, including the eyes. The ageing process can impact vision, leading to several issues that deserve attention and care. Understanding the transformations that take place and adopting appropriate measures can help maintain healthy eyesight and improve our overall well-being during this significant stage of life. Changes in the eyes as we age and the causes As we age, our eyes undergo various physiological changes- Presbyopia - The most common age-related vision change, presbyopia, affects the eye's ability to focus on nearby objects. This is caused by a hardening of the lens and a weakening of the muscles responsible for focusing. Reduced Tear Production - Tear production tends to decrease with age, leading to dry eyes. This condition can cause discomfort, irritation, and blurry vision. Cataracts - Cataracts occur when the lens becomes cloudy, leading to blurred or dulled vision. Age is a significant risk factor for cataracts. Glaucoma - Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often associated with increased pressure within the eye. It can lead to loss of vision if left untreated. Macular Degeneration - The macula, responsible for central vision, may deteriorate with age, leading to macular degeneration and potential vision loss. How does menopause affect women's eyes? Menopause, the natural cessation of menstruation, typically occurs between the ages of 45 and 55. During this time, hormonal fluctuations can influence eye health. Some women may experience dry eyes and discomfort due to reduced tear production, making the symptoms of dry eye syndrome more pronounced. Hormonal changes can also affect the stability of the tear film, leading to fluctuations in vision quality. Additionally, estrogen plays a role in maintaining the health of ocular tissues, and its decline during menopause can contribute to certain eye conditions. Tired eyes make us look older Tired eyes often make a person appear older than they are. As we age, the skin around the eyes becomes thinner, and the muscles supporting the eyelids weaken. This can result in sagging eyelids and under-eye bags. Moreover, the accumulation of pigment and the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles around the eyes can further contribute to an older appearance. Preventing Eye Degeneration While some changes in the eyes are inevitable, there are steps that can be taken to slow down eye degeneration and promote eye health. Regular Eye Exams - Routine eye examinations are crucial, especially during midlife and can detect early signs of eye conditions, allowing for timely treatment. Healthy Lifestyle - A well-balanced diet rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals can support eye health. Stopping smoking and protecting the eyes from harmful UV rays by wearing sunglasses are also beneficial. Hydration - Staying hydrated can help prevent or alleviate dry eyes, maintaining a healthy tear film. Computer and Screen Use - Taking regular breaks from digital devices can reduce eye strain and fatigue. Relieving and concealing tired eyes - midlife eye tips While it is important to address the underlying causes of tired eyes, certain strategies can also help alleviate the appearance of tiredness. Eye Drops - Lubricating eye drops can provide relief for dry and tired eyes. Cold Compress - Applying a cold compress can reduce puffiness and soothe tired eyes. Sleep - Getting enough quality sleep is crucial for reducing eye fatigue and promoting overall well-being. Eye Creams - Using eye creams containing ingredients like hyaluronic acid or peptides can temporarily improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Makeup Techniques - Skillful makeup application can minimize the appearance of tired eyes. Concealers, highlighting the inner corners of the eyes, and using neutral eyeshadows can make a difference. As midlife women navigate the changes that accompany ageing and menopause, prioritizing eye health is vital. Awareness of the typical age-related eye changes, the impact of menopause can have on vision and proactive measures to maintain eye health can help women enjoy clear and vibrant vision well into old age. Remember to consult with an eye care professional for personalized advice and recommendations based on individual eye health needs. Please visit our resources page which has a collection of useful links from 3rd party websites and content. You may also like this article by Dr Elizabeth Hawkes, consultant oculoplastic and ophthalmic surgeon. We only share links to products we would use ourselves and all opinions are our own. You can read the full disclaimer here. Did you enjoy this article? Why not join the Two Women Chatting mailing list for regular updates.

As winter sets in we do confess that we retreat indoors but always make sure we bring some of the garden in with us. There are so many plants and trees that can make the house look cosy and welcoming and it is very easy to incorporate branches, foliage and seedheads to make stunning Christmas displays. Even the simplest, barest branch or a handful of pinecones can be transformed into impressive arrangements and decorations. When the kids were younger Liz used to send hers out to forage in the garden and it was remarkable what they came back with (although not always with what was expected!). So what do you need to collect to make amazing Christmas decorations? You're looking for anything that catches your eye; evergreen foliage, twigs, branches, berries, seed heads, different colours and textures. In particular twigs and branches from silver birch, willow and hazel work really well as does foliage and branches from pine and fir trees, ivy, holly, mistletoe, eucalyptus, and the striking red stems of dogwood always cheers up a room. Grab a basket or bag and collect seeds, chestnuts, cones and if you have a Clematis Vitalba (old man's beard) in your garden cut its seedheads. Stems of rosemary, bay and sage work well too and smell wonderfully. What decorations can you do and make? It's really easy to create eye-catching Christmas decorations using bare twigs or branches. Stand long twigs in a large glass or vase and decorate with lights and baubles for an enchanting display that looks amazing on a table or kitchen island. Place baskets or bowls of pine cones by the fire. They look festive and once they've dried out, they make fantastic firelighters. Place small potted conifers or a bunch of conifer foliage in a pot in corners or on side tables to bring a touch of the winter forest into your home and drape green foliage along mantelpieces or weave through bannisters. The smell is gorgeous. Silver birch branches offer a beautiful alternative to the traditional Christmas tree and there’s the added bonus of no dropping needles. A must in the Copping house in December is what is known as the ‘Winter Wonderland Centrepiece’ which is an arrangement of winter plants like poinsettias, Christmas cacti and cyclamens in a round basket that is placed on a side table and will last way into January. December may be a chilly month in the garden but it can still be enjoyed inside. Did you enjoy this article? Why not join the Two Women Chatting mailing list for regular updates. Please visit our Midlife Library resources page which has a collection of useful links from 3rd party websites and content.

Heart disease in women Heart disease is the leading cause of death in women in the UK, with twice as many cases as breast cancer. Despite the high number of deaths, many women are unaware of the symptoms of a heart attack. We chatted to Dr Nighat Arif, Resident GP, BBC Breakfast & ITV's This Morning podcast on this topic. She stressed the importance of women recognising symptoms that are usually very different from men. Symptoms of a heart attack in a female * shortness of breath with or without chest discomfort. * nausea, vomiting, cold sweats and fatigue which can be mistaken for other conditions such as anxiety, indigestion or even menopause symptoms. * Pain in one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw or stomach. * Pressure in the chest that goes away and comes back again. Furthermore, studies have shown that women in the UK may be less likely to receive timely and appropriate care compared to men. Of course, it is important for everyone to be aware of the risk factors for heart disease and take steps to prevent it. This includes maintaining a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, not smoking, and managing conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of a heart attack, it is vital to seek medical attention immediately - and speak to your healthcare provider if you have any concerns. Listen to our chat with Dr Arif on all podcast platforms or listen here. Even easier just ‘ask Alexa’ to play Two Women Chatting podcast latest episode! Buy Dr Arif's book The Knowledge: Your Guide to Female health-from menstruation to menopause. Please visit our resources page which has a collection of useful links from 3rd party websites and content We only share links to products we would use ourselves and all opinions are our own. You can read the full disclaimer here. Did you enjoy this article? Why not join the Two Women Chatting mailing list for regular updates.

There has been a large increase in students taking vocational qualifications in the last 20 years. This is, in part, due to the 2013 change in legislation, whereby the government made it compulsory for students to continue education or training until the age of 18. Before that, students would either stay in full-time education and pursue academic qualifications, stay in further education and study for a vocational qualification, or leave school at 16 to find a job. Those who chose to leave school at 16 would often start in low-paid and unskilled roles. The government hoped that by raising the school leaving age and providing training and qualifications, young people would leave with the knowledge and skills needed to give them a headstart in their career. Despite this major change in legislation, the vocational qualifications students can pursue have remained largely unchanged. In fact, the three most well-known qualifications − BTECs, NVQs and Apprenticeships − have been around since 1974, 1986, and 1994, respectively. Moreover, with multiple qualifications available in the same industry, the government believes the current system is “confusing and complicated” for both students and employers. Thus, the government has begun a radical overhaul to “crack down on poor quality post-16 qualifications“. One part of this shake-up is the creation of a new qualification: T-levels. What are T-levels? T-levels, or Technical Levels, are vocational qualifications which follow on from GCSEs. They are level 3 qualifications that take two years to complete. Designed for 16-19 year olds, they are a happy medium between apprenticeships and A-levels by combining theory and classroom learning with practical training and work experience. T-levels were developed in collaboration with industry experts, education providers, and companies to ensure their content meets the needs of employers and that the qualification sufficiently prepares students for the industry they are going into. As they’re based on the same rigorous standards as apprenticeships, T-levels have been approved by the Institute for Apprenticeships and Technical Education. Many employers and professional bodies have similarly endorsed this new qualification. Skilled employment, apprenticeships, and technical study through further or higher education are all pathways available to T-level students. If your child decides to do T-levels, they will be based at a sixth form or further education college. Alongside the learning they will do in college, your child will complete a minimum of 315 hours − approximately 45 days − on an industry placement. At the end of the two year course, your child will have one T-level. This is the equivalent of 3 A-levels. Currently, T-levels can only be studied in England. If you live elsewhere in the UK, your child will need to choose between BTECs, NVQs, and Apprenticeships or, if you live in Scotland, SVQs. T-levels in numbers 1800+ contact hours 315+ hours on placement 80:20 split between classroom and placement 20 available sectors by 2023 400+ providers What subjects do T-levels cover? The first T-levels started being taught in September 2020 at selected centres across England. More T-levels commenced in the following years, with all currently-planned T-levels being available by September 2023. Once fully rolled out, T-levels will cover over 20 sectors, with the possibility for more in the future. Available now: Accounting Building Services Engineering for Construction Design and Development for Engineering and Manufacturing Design, Surveying and Planning for Construction Digital Business Services Digital Production, Design, and Development Digital Support Services Education and Childcare Engineering, Manufacturing, Processing and Control Finance Health Healthcare Science Maintenance, Installation, and Repair for Engineering and Manufacturing Management and Administration Onsite Construction Science Available from September 2023 onwards: Agriculture, Land Management, and Production Animal Care and Management Catering Craft and Design Hairdressing, Barbering, and Beauty Therapy Legal Services Media, Broadcast, and Production How are T-levels taught and assessed? Like A-levels, T-levels are classroom-based. Around 80% of the learning your child will do will be in an educational setting. Compare this to A-levels, where 100% of the qualification is classroom-based, and apprenticeships, where only 20% is completed in the classroom. Classroom-based learning isn’t only the conventional sitting at a desk and taking notes that A-level veterans are familiar with. Your child’s timetable will be jam packed with hands-on sessions, such as in the college workshop or school lab. The practical study and technical training elements are just as important to T-levels as the theoretical component. Teaching methods are tailored to the demands of the course. A T-level is afforded at least 18000 hours of timetabled learning. This time is split into three main sections: Technical qualification (TQ) is the main, classroom-based element. Students will learn about their chosen sectors through a curriculum designed by employers and developed by an awarding organisation (AO). Industry placement runs for a minimum of 315 hours (45 days) overall and will give students practical insights into their sector and an opportunity to embed the knowledge and skills learned in the classroom English, maths and digital provision is also built into the classroom-based element of the T-level, meaning students will be given a solid foundation of transferable skills The TQ features core units, which all students are taught, and one or more occupational specialisms. These specialisms are optional modules that students choose from after they have the foundations of the industry under their belts. This gives your child freedom to pursue their interests and use what they have learned to inform future decisions. Alongside their classroom learning, your child will spend around 20% of their time − a total of 9 weeks across the two-year course − on placement with an employer. Compared to BTECs, where only 2 weeks are spent on placement, this is substantial. This placement will give your child the chance to consolidate what they’ve learnt over a sustained period of time. Moreover, it will allow your child to get a real feel for life in their chosen industry and will provide them with valuable confidence when applying for jobs once their T-levels have been awarded. Your child will not necessarily be limited to one placement; they may have the chance to do placements with two employers. The placement could be one continuous block, day release, or a mixture of the two. If you or your child would like to get a better idea of what placements are like and their benefits, you can watch lots of videos from students who have undertaken them here. Both the core and occupational specialism units are assessed; the industry placement, and any other course-specific elements, only need to be marked as complete for the qualification to be awarded. The way each T-level is assessed will depend on what is suitable for that industry. Assessment types include external examinations and projects set by employers. Unlike with A-levels, T-level assessments can take place at any time of the year. How are T-levels graded? Your child’s overall grade will be calculated based on how they performed in each area of their T-level. T-level grades can be compared to their A-level equivalents with the help of the table below. The core component is graded on the familiar A* to E scale, whereas the specialisms are awarded either a Pass, Merit, or Distinction, like BTECs. These individual marks are combined to give a Pass, Merit, Distinction, or Distinction* (possible with a Distinction in the specialism and an A* in the core). This final grade, plus the individual results, are shown on the official certificate. If your child doesn’t pass their T-level, they will get a “statement of achievement” that shows which elements were completed and their grade for each of those elements. This means if they fail one section, they will still have something to show employers − unlike with a BTEC, where students fail the whole thing. Pearson allows students to resit the “Core exams, the Employer Set Project, or the Occupational Specialist Project, or a combination of the three“. There is no designated “resit period”; instead, your child can take resits during Pearson’s annual exam series (i.e. when other students are taking their exams). The Core exams and Employer Set Project can be resat in the summer and November periods, while the Occupational Specialist Project can only be resat in the summer. What are my child’s options after T-levels? Your child can continue in education or start their job search. If they want to keep studying, they can either do this in a work-based setting via an apprenticeship, or they can apply for university. T-levels are worth three A-levels and the UCAS tariff points reflect this. In the table above you can see that if your child achieves a Distinction, it’s the equivalent of 3 As at A-level. By aligning T-level UCAS points so closely with A-levels, the government has created a qualification which should be recognised by universities. As the majority of the qualification is spent in the classroom, students are equipped for the intensive educational setting of university. This means T-levels offer more opportunities for higher education than other vocational courses, where there is less experience with academia. However, as the qualification is fairly new, it is unclear what requirements universities will ask for. A list of higher education institutions that have confirmed T-levels will be suitable for entry onto at least one course can be found here. If university is the route your child wants to take, it’s important to check the entry requirements of any courses they have set their eyes on. Don’t be afraid to ring up universities if you can’t find T-levels mentioned in their prospectus: this is a relatively new qualification so universities may not have updated their requirements yet, or made a decision on whether to include them in entry requirements. It’s important you know what is required for university entry before your child undertakes a qualification which may not get them where they want to go. It should be said that T-levels weren’t designed with the traditional university route as a top priority. They aim to help more students get started on a vocational pathway. While there are more and more degrees that offer a practical element, the fundamental purpose of T-levels doesn’t complement the approach of many top universities. This, coupled with the hesitation of some universities towards T-levels and entry requirements, means it’s worthwhile considering if the stress is worth it. If your child is dead set on doing a degree, other qualifications with more established reputations and routes into higher education may suit them better. Even if university is off the table, T-levels are still incredibly versatile qualifications that open a lot of doors for students. They have a broader focus than apprenticeships and hence can lead to a larger range of jobs in a variety of sectors. Skilled employment is a convincing prospect: T-level students are a great hire for employers because of their extended work placements and understanding of the workforce. Your child might consider doing a higher level vocational qualification (like a higher or degree apprenticeship) or applying to a professional development programme. Where can my child do T-levels? At the moment, depending on where you live, your child’s options may be limited. The government has compiled a list of institutions which have been selected to provide T-levels. As of September 2022, over 400 institutions offer T-levels, and this number should increase by September 2024. As with A-levels and other vocational qualifications, not all institutions will offer the whole range of T-levels. You can use this search function to find your child’s nearest T-level provider and find out details of which subjects they will offer. What are the entry requirements? Like other qualifications, it’s up to the college or sixth form to determine their own entry requirements. Moreover, different courses will have different entry requirements. Typically, vocational qualifications have lower entry requirements than A-levels and are therefore more accessible. However, investigations by TES showed that in 2020, the majority of centres offering T-levels were asking for a minimum of a 4 in English and Maths to apply − and some were asking for even higher grades. Colleges and sixth forms setting such high entry requirements probably wasn’t something the government was expecting. T-levels have English and Maths provision built into the classroom-based element of the qualification. This provision was meant to ensure that students didn’t need to meet a specific level in English and Maths to join the course; anyone not meeting the standard would be taught the subjects alongside their sector-specific training. Thus, even if a student hadn’t begun with what is considered a pass in GCSE English or Maths, they would leave with one. However, the government has no control over what entry requirements colleges set and, with entry requirements set higher than the government anticipated, there’s a danger a large number of students will be prevented from applying. The government has introduced a T-level Transition Programme to help alleviate this problem. T-level Transition Programme This is a one-year post-GCSE course enabling students to prepare for T-levels by enhancing their relevant knowledge, skills, and work experience specific to their T-level subject area. According to the Government, students can expect to: Gain technical knowledge and practical skills relevant to their chosen T-level subject area Get ready for their T-level with industry work experience and preparation Improve their study skills and build a healthy, positive work ethic Develop industry-relevant English and maths skills, and digital skills (including the completion and attainment of GCSE English and Maths, if they don’t already have these qualifications) Benefit from focused individual support and personal development Plan the right next step for them – and get the skills to succeed when they get there Read this guide for more information on the T-level transition programme. What’s the difference between BTECs, Apprenticeships, and T-levels? BTECs and T-levels are very similar qualifications in that both are two-year long, classroom-based qualifications which will provide your child with industry-specific knowledge and skills. The main difference between them is the length of industry placement. BTECs only have a two-week placement; this means that skills learnt on the course are taught through practical sessions in college and there is limited opportunity for their implementation. T-levels, on the other hand, have a much longer placement, a minimum of 315 hours or 45 days. T-levels additionally have a minimum of 1800 contact hours, which is more than BTECs. However, apprenticeships are very different to T-levels. More learning is done ‘on-the-job’, with around 80% of your child’s time spent on placement (unlike T-levels where 80% is spent in the classroom). As a result, apprenticeships are more geared towards a specific job than T-levels are. Apprentices spend their remaining time at a place of study. Moreover, apprentices are paid while they learn. Are T-levels replacing BTECs? At the moment, no your child will still be able to do BTECs. However, this may not be for very long. One of the main reasons the government is overhauling the system is to simplify it: currently they believe there are too many qualifications in each sector. To help speed up the streamlining process, from 2024, the government is planning to remove funding for qualifications that overlap with A-levels and T-levels, in order to reduce competition. Once funding is withdrawn, further education colleges and sixth forms will be forced to drop qualifications such as BTECs in favour of T-levels. The government believes that this approach will simplify qualifications and ensure that students leave with qualifications that are respected by employers. For the moment, students can still complete BTECs without issue. This roll-out has been a lengthy process so there shouldn’t be any surprises or sudden disappearances. However, if you’re concerned, you can always talk to your child’s current or prospective education provider. They will have been aware of the transition for a long time, have experience of how the funding works, and can advise on the longevity of specific courses. Are T-levels replacing Apprenticeships? Apprenticeships are safe. In fact, the government said: “From 2020, A Levels, T Levels and apprenticeships will be the gold standard option for young people after they take their GCSEs”. When we started writing this article, T-levels were still in their very early infancy. Everyone knew as much − or as little − as everyone else. Now, at least, the first cohort of T-level students have got their results. Over 92% of the 1300 students achieved a Pass or above; 71% of applicants were successful in securing a university spot, with many more finding employment or an apprenticeship. Though there are still many wrinkles to iron out, this is a very promising start for the new qualification. There’s no doubt that the current system offers a lot of choices which can make finding a vocational qualification that suits your child confusing. By streamlining the options students have post-GCSE and ensuring each qualification is robust, the government wants to ensure both students and employers can be confident with all qualifications on offer. The government has been clear that their ‘gold standard’ for students studying vocational qualifications will be T-levels or apprenticeships. But it’s not as simple as that. The next few years are a transition period, with T-levels being slowly phased in and the status of qualifications such as BTECs unknown. The first few years with any new qualification are always bumpy, and T-levels still need to contend with low confidence among students and teachers, and a lack of awareness among employers. Their reputation is still in flux, which may be a hindrance when your child comes to search for a job. With so many things up in the air, one thing is for sure: taking a T-level now will certainly be a gamble. This article is written by PMT Education, a non-profit education platform for students and teachers. They create free tools and resources to help GCSE and A Level students pass their exams and navigate their path through education. Did you enjoy this article? Why not join the Two Women Chatting mailing list for regular updates. Visit our resources page which has a collection of useful links from 3rd party websites and content and more tips for empty nesters.